JOHANNA SHAPIRO, PhD, JOHN ASTIN, PhD, SHAUNA L. SHAPIRO, PhD, DANIEL ROBITSHEK, MD, DEANE H. SHAPIRO, PhD
Although the quest for active control and mastery can be seen as a central thread that ties together important aspects of human experience,
we are frequently confronted with the reality that much of what is encountered in life lies outside our active instrumental control. Control must involve finding healthy and life-affirming ways to exercise personal mastery, and identifying constructive ways to respond to the lack of control that pervades the human condition.